Plato and Aristotle lived in societies that took human beings to differ according to the region in which they lived, their culture, language, and also their skin color and other phenotypic markers. These differences – whether labeled as "racial," "proto-racial," "ethnic," or otherwise – were often associated with cognitive, emotional, and moral dispositions and traits. Yet there has been little engagement with the ways in which representations of race and ethnicity shaped the philosophical views of Plato and Aristotle. This project will fill that gap by producing an edited volume of essays that maps, systematically, the treatment and significance of race and ethnicity in the writings of Plato and Aristotle. The volume will contain accessible, cutting-edge research that will make the topic of ancient Greek philosophy of race and ethnicity more available to teachers, students, and researchers, and it will set up debate for years to come.