Throughout history, political factions and conflicts organizationally were assembled out of evolving social, economic and patronage networks. At the same time, those factions and conflicts were expressed and articulated through evolving semantic languages, at the levels of both public and private debate. Building upon an unusual data set of social networks among approximately 60,000 Florentines over two centuries, this Neubauer research project sought to document and explain the tumultuous political history of Florentine republicanism over the period 1350-1530, both from the social-network and from the rhetorical perspectives.