Gary Herrigel has been working on issues related to democracy and economic governance for many years. He has written two books examining historical efforts to construct democratic arrangements in markets in the U.S., Germany, and Japan. The interest in both books was in the relationship between industrial production and political governance generally, and, more particularly, in the political and social arrangements required to ensure the capacity of small propertied producers to remain competitive while sustaining high-paying and high-quality forms of work and employment. He has also written extensively on multinationals and the governance of transnational supply chains. Most recently, he has written on inclusive, self-optimizing, governance arrangements in automobile multinationals and in agricultural supply chains (cocoa). In both cases, efforts are made to incorporate direct producing line workers and farmers in the governance of their own labor. At present, he is examining the relationship between democracy and economic governance in the context of the industrialization of agriculture since the nineteenth century in developed political economies.